Elderly individuals with multiple health impairments are at greatest risk, but many healthy older persons also fall each year. Intrinsic risk factors for falls have been found in controlled studies, which allow the identification of those at risk and suggest potential preventive interventions. Prevention of falls must span the spectrum of ages and health states within the older population and address the diversity of causes of falls without unnecessarily compromising quality of life and independence. Most injuries in the elderly are the result of falls fractures of the hip, forearm, humerus, and pelvis usually result from the combined effect of falls and osteoporosis. Falls in turn diminish function by causing injury, activity limitations, fear of falling, and loss of mobility. Falls are a marker of frailty, immobility, and acute and chronic health impairment in older persons.
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